Literature Review On Stress And Burnout - 1175 Words

Descriptive Literature Review: Stress and Burnout in Mental Health Nursing â€Å"Nurses caring for psychiatric patients who have been referred by law-enforcement for example forensic psychiatric/mental health patients, including patients formerly termed ‘criminally insane’ (Steadman Cocozza, 1978), would inevitably be subject to a greater risk of violence and aggression, and stress and burnout, compared with those working in any other field of nursing† (Mason, 2002 as cited in Dickinson Wright, 2008). It is recognized that mental health nursing is extremely stressful, with the outcome leading to stress and burnout of mental health nurses. An investigation was done by Jones et al (1987) on stress in forensic mental health nurses in a†¦show more content†¦Sherring, S., Knight, D, (2009), Sorgaard, W., Ryan, P., Dawson, I., (2010), Abdi, M. F., Kaviani, H., Khaghanizade, M., Momeni, A, (2007) all used quantitative research method where as in Dickinson Wr ight, (2008) used both quantitative as well as qualitative. The sample sizes in these four articles range from 196-475 participants with a mixture of both qualified and unqualified staff. The study methods used among the four articles were; Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Mental Health Professional Scale (MHPS), the Psychosocial Work Environment and Stress Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire-28, and demographic questionnaires. Dickinson Wright, (2008) and Sherring, S., Knight, D, (2009) had similar findings where there were high levels of emotional exhaustion to the point where participants took sick leaves and considered leaving their jobs. Contrarily, the findings of Sorgaard, W., Ryan, P., Dawson, I., (2010) and Abdi, M. F., Kaviani, H., Khaghanizade, M., Momeni, A, 2007) revealed low levels of emotional exhaustion. Another major topic discovered in the findings of the research studies was workload size. Coffey, M., Coleman, M. (2001) Jenkins, R. and Elliott, P. (2004) used quantitative studies while Edwards, D., Burnard, P., Coyle, D., Fothergill, A. and Hannigan, B. (2000) Taylor, B. and Barling, J. (2004) usedShow MoreRelatedResearch Critique, Part 1: Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction798 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Critique, Part 1: Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V 06-04-2016 PROBLEM STATEMENT: The broad research problem leading to this study is the belief that nursing shortage in facilities leads to patient safety issues. The review of available literature on this topic shows strong evidence that lower nurse staffing levels in hospitals are associated with worse patient outcomes. Some of these outcomes includeRead MoreNursing Burnout Research Paper1355 Words   |  6 PagesNURSING BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY â€Å"Burnout has been widely studied in the health service profession, and nursing is recognized as one of the occupations with the highest burnout prevalence rates† (Harkin Melby, 2014, p. 152). Nursing burnout affects many nurses in the profession in one way or another. In the nursing world, a typical shift length is now twelve hours or longer. This shift length has changed from the past in which nurses worked a normal shift of eight hours. While thereRead MoreStress For Community Home Health Nurses856 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent areas of stress for community home health nurses. Importance of the Study This study is important because it will help nurses and supervisors to identify areas that can causes potential burnout among community nurse in the workplace, which in terms can produce stress. In addition, this study is also important because it will analyze and examine different strategies that can be put in place that can prevent mental, physical, and emotional disturbances to nurses as a result of stress. ResearchRead MoreResearch Paper On Nursing Burnout1334 Words   |  6 Pagesseeking to explore the relationship between the three nursing outcomes job dissatisfaction, intent to leave the job, and nursing burnout, as well as working long or extended shifts, and occupational stress. It also addresses various preventative measures such as eating better, stress-management and exercise which have been known to reduce stress, and ultimately burnout. Each article used different research methods and different data sets such as the Hospital Compare section of the Centers for MedicareRead MoreNursing Work Environment And Nurse Caring : Relationship Among Motivational Factors, Burtson And Stichler1511 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes about how nursing care can improve patient satisfaction. Review of Literature The authors utilize past research to build a foundation for their study. They recognize that nursing care has usually been conducted in qualitative studies. These studies often look at the satisfaction of the nurse and are unrelated to patient satisfaction. Only one experimental study was reviewed, and while it was not as current as some other literature, it was more relevant to the research. The study looked at nurseRead MoreEssay on Managing Stress to Prevent Burnout1439 Words   |  6 Pages| Managing Stress in the Professional Nurse to Prevent Burnout | | | Caring for others is a vital part of nursing, but sometimes the demands can be crushing. A nurse can become emotionally and /or physically exhausted, sometimes to the point where the nurse may stop working. The phenomenon described is nursing burnout. This paper will include facts and causes of burnout, individual amp; environmental factors contributing to burnout, ways to manage and decrease burnout and most importantlyRead MoreCritiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, Or Mixed Methods1135 Words   |  5 Pagesresults supported that survivors experienced multiple problems after treatment such as headaches, pain, and trouble remembering and thinking. The findings included that the participants coping strategies were medication, and taking breaks. The literature review in this study is relevant to the topic. It informs the reader about the current problem and purpose of the research. There were steps in this study to protect human subjects such as informed consents obtained from the parents or guardians ifRead MoreThe Effect Of Incivility On Nursing Turnover And Patient Car e1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthe purposes of this literature review, turnover will include intent as it aligns with the anticipation of leaving a job (Larrabee et al., 2003). The objective of this literature review is to examine the effect of incivility on the quality of patient care and nursing turnover. The central question for the following literature review is in the nursing practice, what effect does incivility have on the nursing turnover rate and providing quality patient care? Literature Review The EBSCO Host databaseRead MoreUnit Six Literature Review Of Nurse Burnout1822 Words   |  8 PagesUnit Six Literature Review of Nurse Burnout Research is one of the best ways to identify solutions to a problem. The problem being researched for this review is nurse burnout in the operating room and critical care areas. Nurse burnout negatively effects staff, patients and healthcare as a whole (Henderson, 2015).With the use of research plans to implement new guidelines and best practices can happen leading to being able to resolve the problem. With nurse burnout becoming more common leading toRead MoreActive And Working : Managing Acute Low Back Pain Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 2 Literature Review ACTIVE AND WORKING: MANAGING ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN IN THE WORKPLACE Nearly every working adult has experienced back pain in their life. Acute back pain is very common especially for working adults. Nine out of ten people will feel either an acute or severe back pain at some time in their lives. The usual thinking of people is that if you are experiencing back pain, you should rest and just lie down. But if it is possible, it helps when you still stay active and at work

Political Changes in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union Free Essays

In April 1986, Mr. Gorbachev began the perestroika, translation â€Å"reconstruction†, which was to end the Cold War that effectively brought down the Iron Curtain. The split between West and East not only partitioned the world into two parts, but also divided the European family for over 40 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Changes in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the fall of the Soviet Union came many changes that affected much if not all of Europe. At the end of the Brejnev era , the socialist bloc was severely outdated and far removed from the contemporary world. The economy was in a shambles, independent civil society was largely in exile, and corruption throughout and within the state via the Communist Party had become legendary. In addition, the USSR had to devote an enormous portion of its budget to the military. On the international level, the USSR had lost many allies, because its social model proved to be decreasingly successful in its deceit, and the ill-fated invasion of Afghanistan (1979 – 1989) did not help in any way. It was therefore necessary to undertake urgent measures, especially in countries where satellite totalitarian regimes were challenged and the USSR no longer had the support of local communist parties. The advent of Gorbachev to power marked the beginning of the reconstruction. His first step on his rise to power was the partial liberation of the press, also known as glasnost. The first free newspapers emerged and some major newspapers such as â€Å"Novii Mir (New World),† Argumenti i Fakti â€Å"(Arguments and Facts) or† Moskovskie Novosti (Moscow News) changed editors. Books banned by the Soviet censorship began to appear in stores. Also, films which had been censored until this time were finally appearing on the screen. The policy change was also considerable. Under Gorbachev, 140 dissidents, victims of Stalinist repression, were honored and rehabilitated. From exile in Gorky, Sakharov, who condemned the war in Afghanistan – was released. Several opposition political organizations emerged as a Democratic Union and in 1988 the first anti-communist demonstrations took place. Gorbachev, considering the difficulty and complexity of the political situation at the time, tried at any price to change the political elite in an effort to ensure reconstruction. Policy frameworks† began and brought fresh faces to power. â€Å"Without – parties† (political parties that were not members of the Communist Party) were authorized to occupy important positions in state bodies. In addition, elections were introduced within the party to make elected officials accountable to its voters. Before this time, t he party presented a candidate for the post and members could only nod in approval. Despite all this progress, the USSR was unable to overcome the economic and social crisis that hit the country in the early 80s. The Soviet system was not adaptable by itself and reconstruction was doomed from the start. Gorbachev did not have the political capacity to push the desired reforms through. His strategy, in essence, triggered the collapse of the USSR, which was completely unexpected. Perestroika could not change the structure of the Soviet economy, and thus served as an obstacle to reforms. All means of production were under state control. In addition, factories managers and corrupt officials wanted at all costs to keep the economic system that afforded them considerable privilege, especially in a country where the deficit of consumer products was seen in everyday life. The political system, like the economy, rested on a foundation of lies. Political leaders from cities and regions fabricated domestic and foreign policy statistics, using propaganda, including the newspaper â€Å"Pravda† (Truth). This newspaper was later to become a symbol of Soviet exaggeration of the productivity of the communist state. The Soviet secret services were doing everything to prevent people from having information deemed undesirable; any foreign or independent press was prohibited. In launching his reforms, Gorbachev wanted to reform that which what was not reformable. Perestroika and glasnost had made the system fragile, because the lie was no longer there to blind people. Thus, in 1991 a political system that had seemed indestructible – unbeatable, all but disappeared from the world political map. Perestroika was ultimately the determining factor in the fall of the Iron Curtain. The forces it unleashed, such as freedom of speech (glasnost), by Gorbachev inside his country had devoured the communist parties of Eastern Europe. That was also the case with the fall of the Berlin Wall and subsequent German reunification. The fall of the Berlin Wall was largely provided for by the green light given by Moscow. Without such approval, it would have been very probably a repetition of the â€Å"coup de Prague† of 1968, as the forces of the Warsaw Pact entered the Czechoslovakian capital to put an end to the democratic reforms of Dubcek following the Prague Spring. After the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, the reunification of Germany was inevitable. The non-intervention of Warsaw Pact forces during the fall of the Berlin Wall signaled the outbreak of the revolutions that occurred thereafter. Elsewhere in 1989 in Eastern Europe, democratic movements freed from the tutelage of Moscow out-punched Communism. This is the case in Romania with the fall of Ceausescu, Czechoslovakia and Poland with the resignation of the communist government and the start of negotiations between General Jaruzelski and the representatives of Solidarnosc. The policy of rapprochement between the West promoted by Gorbachev led to the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. Having neither the financial resources nor the political will to save this military alliance, the Soviets proposed in 1988 to repeal the pact against the dissolution of NATO. In December 1988, Gorbachev and Bush declared at a meeting in Malta that the Cold War was over. Immediately after the fall of communism in Europe, former satellites of the Soviet Union chose to join the unified European family and NATO. Chronologically, in the first half of 90 years, almost all the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have submitted their applications to join the European Union and NATO. For these countries, membership in these structures is first and foremost a political symbol, to guarantee their freedom and sovereignty. European integration also meant the return of these countries into the European mainstream as equal partners and not merely as â€Å"little brothers†, as was the case with the USSR. Long oppressed by a regime imposed from outside, these countries could finally defend their interests in the democratic framework that the European Union offers. Without perestroika, the world today would not be the same. It is mainly through this process that democratization has been set up in the Central and Eastern Europe and that Europe is no longer divided in two. How to cite Political Changes in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union, Papers

Jeffersonian Republicanism Essays - , Term Papers

Jeffersonian Republicanism After the extreme partisanship of 1800, it was expected by supporters and foes alike that the presidential administration of Thomas Jefferson would pioneer substantial and even radical changes. The federal government was now in the hands of a relentless man and a persistent party that planned to diminish its size and influence. But although he overturned the principal Federalist domestic and foreign policies, Thomas Jefferson generally pursued the course as a chief executive, quoting his inaugural address We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. With true republicans warming most of the seats of power throughout the branches, except in the Judiciary, he saw the tools of government as less of a potential instrument of oppression and more of a means to achieve republican goals. Jefferson assumed the presidency in the hopes that his election would represent the triumph of the true republican principles of the American Revolution; ......the defeat of those who had reverted in varying degrees to policies derived from monarchism. His first acts were to reduce the size of the government and to cut spending. He believed the strongest government was that which placed the lightest burden on its citizens. Such is meant in his inaugural address by Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted with the government of himself. Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern him? Let history answer this question. Although recognized as an intellectual and scholar, Jefferson was also undoubtedly the first president to become the leader of a political party. He skillfully made use of party politics in making assignations to office pursuing his legislative aims by entertaining members of Congress at the White House as a means of keeping himself in touch and them in line. Jefferson used the powers of his presidential office with an authority that Presidents Washington and John Adams would not have been permitted. His political moderation and enthusiasm to compromise land had won over many of the Adams Federalists. At the same time those Republicans who had rallied behind him in hopes of a radical exodus from previous administrations grew increasingly frustrated. Led by the vibrant and unconventional John Randolph, a group of Republicans in the House, who called themselves the Quids, meaning others, objected to what they interpreted as federalism in the administrations policies. Relying on the Vir ginia and Kentucky decisions, they advocated a strict construction of the Constitution and state rights. They became the most troublesome of the presidents opponents. After Republicans won majorities in both the House and the Senate, and the Federalist ticket was defeated for the presidency in 1800, the Federalists in Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801. Since appointments to the Federal bench came with a life time guarantee, they projected to extend their control of that branch of government. The Judiciary Act of 1801 created ten new positions on the Federal District Courts and a new category of appellate court, the circuit court of appeals, between the Supreme Court and the district courts. The act also reduced the size of the highest court by one justice. Before leaving office, President John Adams had appointed as many federalists to these new positions as he could. These appointments were known as the midnight appointments. Faced with a decidedly hostile Judicial branch, the Republicans quickly took steps to defy the Federalist moves. In March of 1802, Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, which eliminated the new judgeships and designated one Supreme Court justice and one district court judge to sit on the traveling appellate courts. Republicans in Congress, with Jeffersons support, then proceeded to impeach two federal justices who had openly attacked the administration from the bench. The first federal justice, John Pickering of New Hampshire, was mentally deranged presenting a constitutional predicament - His incompetence fell short of the requirement for removal (high crimes and misdemeanors). He was nevertheless convicted by the Senate and removed in 1804. Complaining that few died and none resigned, Jefferson removed some Federalists who had been assigned to high offices by George Washington and John Adams. He appointed no Federalists to high office and when there was a vacancy

economy of jamaica essays

economy of jamaica essays The Jamaican economy is an ailing economy and a prime example of an impoverished nation with an inadequate manufacturing infrastructure, limited nation and agricultural assets and declining foreign investments. With a decline in foreign investments Lee Bailey, President of Cruise Shipping Association who was a guest on the television program, A Nation In Crisis on November 2nd, 2000 at 8:30 pm live on T.V. J stated that with no water, no roads no infrastructure why would foreigners want invest? Why would they want to build a home with these conditions? Mark Kerr Jarrett, President of Montego Bay Camber of Commerce, another guest on A Nation In Crisis stated that law and order must be returned to the streets in order to sell the nation to foreign and local investors. He also said people must reinvest to increase the income of the nation. Jamaica has experience a deteriorating economy along with falling living standards for over 15 years as a result of a heavy debt, a devalued currency and societal malaise. The government is still repaying monies they have borrowed from international leading agencies such as the international Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Payment of 3.6 billion in foreign debt alone consumes 49% of the total budget. A series of floods and hurricanes that ravaged the country exposed the governments poor emergency relief preparation forcing authorities to solicit extensive loans from abroad. These debt burdens are an amount of money borrowed together with repayments of interest. Listed below are reasons for an ailing economy: d.) Government measures, stop-go policies related to change in government ...

Word Choice Comprise vs. Compose

Word Choice Comprise vs. Compose Word Choice: Comprise vs. Compose At this rate, it won’t be long before even pedants  give up on the difference between â€Å"comprise† and â€Å"compose.† After all, â€Å"comprise† is frequently misused, particularly by people writing â€Å"comprised of† when they mean â€Å"composed of.† But it’s our job as Guardians of Language (it sounds snazzier than â€Å"proofreaders†) to defend against grammatical abuses. So, in this post, we explain  how â€Å"comprise† and â€Å"compose† should be used. Comprise (To Contain or Include) The verb â€Å"comprise† means â€Å"contain† or â€Å"consist of,† so it is used when describing a whole that includes multiple parts or components: The United States comprises fifty states. Here, â€Å"comprises† shows that the United States (as a whole) includes fifty individual states. Typically, when using â€Å"comprise,† the whole should come before the parts in the sentence. Compose (To Make Up or Constitute) While also a verb, â€Å"compose† means â€Å"make up† or â€Å"constitute.† As such, we could invert the example above to say: Together, fifty states compose the United States as a republic. In this sentence, the focus is on how the fifty individual states combine to form the United States as a country. Those stars arent just there to look pretty. [Photo: Jnn13]We also see why â€Å"composed of† is acceptable while â€Å"comprised of† isn’t, since â€Å"compose† focuses on the parts that constitute the whole. We can therefore rewrite the example sentence again as: The United States is composed of fifty states. More generally, â€Å"compose† can also mean â€Å"create an artistic work† (particularly music or a painting), or even â€Å"calm oneself† (where its a variation of â€Å"composure,† meaning tranquility). Comprise or Compose? The problem with â€Å"comprised of† is that â€Å"comprise† is the opposite of â€Å"compose,† not a synonym. In short, they can’t be used interchangeably. One good way to remember this is the following: The whole comprises the parts; the parts compose the whole. Here we see how both terms refer to how something is constituted, but from opposite directions; while â€Å"comprise† describes the components as belonging to a whole, â€Å"compose† describes the whole as constituted by its parts.

Business logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business logistics - Essay Example Zara’s contribution to the European fashion market sales account for a staggering two-thirds of Inditex’ total 9002 Million Euro, of which net profit was 1002 Million Euro.   1.1 THE EXISTING PROCESS AND LOGISTICS OF ZARA A team of designers in Zara is charged with the responsibility of spotting emerging trends in response to consumer demands. Valuable feedback from consumers is received from Store Managers also. The information collected by them on design, outlook and demand is transmitted through a wireless network. These inputs are used by the design Management team to develop the latest products for Zara,  (Sull, and  Turconi, 2008). ... The whole process of design and cutting takes about 10 days. After the prototypes are produced, they undergo a decision process wherein the management decides which of them will go into commercial production. This decision is made on the basis of a special algorithm and the conditions and demands in the market. Generally only about 40% of the prototypes become commercial products for customers. They are then returned to the manufacturing centers to enter the production chain, checked for quality control, and packaging,  (Sullivan, 2005). The ready material is moved to the automated distribution centre in  Arteixo, which is the main Distribution Centre with no storage facility. Logistics models assist the management in assessing the number of batches that should be delivered to the stores twice a week through shipments, which makes sure that the stores are not overloaded and are delivered as per their demands. A fleet of trucks reach out to places with overnight distances and char tered cargo flights are used for larger distances. The company squeezed its shipping models and decided to go with air cargo, so that flights can organize outbound consignment of all company products with return journey loaded with raw materials and half-finished products, (Burt, Dawson, and  Larke, 2003). Fig1: Complete Operations chain of Zara Fashions    Fig2: Outline of operations at Zara SECTION 2   This section presents the  advantages  /  disadvantages, SWOT, PEST analysis of Zara and evaluation of current operations and logistics at Zara.   2.1 Strategic Advantages Being different from traditional retails, its does not outsources its  operations  or products

Middle-Range Theory of Chronic Sorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Middle-Range Theory of Chronic Sorrow - Essay Example This is the theory in a nutshell and the article expands and repeats it throughout, using certain keywords: Antecedents, Loss Situations, Disparity, Trigger Events, Affected Individuals, Family Caregivers, Bereaved Individuals, Management Methods, (Internal and External). Most of what is written is easily understood and contains a great deal of common sense. The repetitive nature and volume of information may actually only serve to confuse that understanding. Taking each keyword and explaining it simply makes the article more accessible and easily absorbed. Antecedents: These are basically the events leading up to chronic sorrow developing. They have similarities with loss situations, disparity and triggers, all seem to be intertwined resulting once again in confusing repetitions. A good explanation of these by Lindgren et al ., (1993) and Teel, (1991) is as follows: Loss Situations: Only three are emphasized, these being, ongoing or chronic loss, (described as 'ongoing') such as chronic illness or having a physically or mentally disabled child; loss suffered by caregivers as they watch loved ones suffer and deteriorate, and also their own loss of a normal life; finally, loss through bereavement, (described as 'circumscribed), death of a a loved one and the change of roles the sufferer may encounter as a result of this loss. Disparity: The Disparity: The person's current reality is different from what they would like it to be. A gap between the 'actual' and the 'desired' state exists, and as the loss may be experienced periodically, so too is the grief. The gap cannot close and so the grief keeps returning. Trigger Events: Closely linked to disparity, these are situations that bring the realization of the loss into focus and depend on whether the loss is chronic for an individual, or as a caregiver, or due to bereavement. A chronic illness which causes deterioration may bring on the sorrow for that person. Parents seeing a disabled child failing to reach 'normal' milestones will suffer, as will a bereaved person on the anniversary, birthday etc. of the lost loved one. Affected Individuals: As has already been stated, these are sufferers of chronic loss conditions, caregivers and bereaved individuals. The article is repeating the model, key factors and concepts, when it has already identified the people and conditions which bring about chronic sorrow. Management Methods - Effective Internal and External: Once again, the common sense of these is almost lost by the huge amount of words used in the article. However, the information on coping 3. mechanisms is well presented, giving the reader easy access to vital tools for identifying ways to help and support, as well as understanding of the condition and the needs of individual sufferers. Internal Management Methods: These include a